{"id":2814,"date":"2021-10-21T16:10:27","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T14:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/?p=2814"},"modified":"2021-10-21T16:10:35","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T14:10:35","slug":"2001-ekonomik-krizi-sebepleri-ve-sonuclari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/2001-ekonomik-krizi-sebepleri-ve-sonuclari\/","title":{"rendered":"2001 Ekonomik Krizi Sebepleri ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kara \u00c7ar\u015famba olarak bilinen 2001 ekonomik krizi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik krizi olarak tarihe ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclke i\u00e7erisinde binlerce ki\u015finin i\u015fsiz kalmas\u0131na, binlerce i\u015f yerinin kapanmas\u0131na ve orta vadeli s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde \u00fclke durumunun ciddi anlamda de\u011fi\u015fmesi ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"2001<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek faiz oranlar\u0131, yurti\u00e7i sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve politik iktidars\u0131zl\u0131k ba\u015fta olacak \u015fekilde 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan Rusya krizi ile birlikte 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Marmara Depremi<\/a><\/strong> bu krizin ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebep olan etkenlerdir. \u0130\u015fte, tarihe \u00e7ok ciddi \u015fekilde ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131rmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f o krizin nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yurti\u00e7i Sermaye \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Yurti\u00e7i sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 krizin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleri aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Piyasa kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 ile birlikte yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcveninin kaybolmas\u0131 ve panik ortam\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015f oldu. \u00d6zellikle Kas\u0131m 2000 ve Eyl\u00fcl 2001 tarihleri aras\u0131nda \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinden \u00e7ok ciddi sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yurti\u00e7i Sermaye \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00fcven kayb\u0131 ve olu\u015fan panik ortam\u0131 sebepleri ile yurt i\u00e7erisinde h\u0131z kazanan ve ciddi oranda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 sebebi ile T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti genelinde b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 finanse edilemedi. Bunun sonucunda ise \u015firketler teker teker batt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek Faiz Oranlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrekli olarak art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren faiz oranlar\u0131 krizin ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleri aras\u0131nda yer almakta olan bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sebeptir. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n pani\u011fe kap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve siyasi iktidars\u0131zl\u0131k sebepleri ile faiz oranlar\u0131 ciddi oranda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fcksek Faiz Oranlar\u0131 Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Y\u00fckselen faiz oranlar\u0131 sebebi ile bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin kredi fonlama sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131, merkez bankas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek faiz sebebi ile b\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 finanse edememesi ve bankalar\u0131n y\u00fcksek faiz oranlar\u0131 sebebi ile tahvillere yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131yor olmas\u0131 faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine etki eden sebepler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"2001<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

1998 Rusya Krizi ve 1999 Marmara Depremi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1998 Rusya krizi ve k\u0131smi Do\u011fu Asya krizi de y\u00fckselmekte olan ekonomilere sermaye ak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yava\u015flamas\u0131 sebep oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ekonomisine olumsuz etki g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Marmara Depremi de ekonomiye ciddi oranda olumsuz etki yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1998 Rusya Krizi ve 1999 Marmara Depremi Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Her ne kadar Do\u011fu Asya krizi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ekonomisini ciddi anlamda etkilememi\u015f olsa da 1998 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen kriz \u00fclke ekonomisi i\u00e7in olumsuz etkilere sebep olmu\u015ftur. Bu tarihler i\u00e7erisinde net sermaye ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n negatif yol izlemesi ve i\u00e7 bor\u00e7lanma faizlerinin artmas\u0131, maliye politikas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131nda yava\u015flama olmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen deprem sonras\u0131nda ise d\u0131\u015f kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 artmas\u0131 ve ekonominin de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi ile son bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi Kriz<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fanmakta olan siyasi iktidars\u0131zl\u0131k 2001 krizinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebepleri aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle \u015eubat 2001 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu toplant\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Necdet Sezer\u2019in yine d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019e anayasa kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131rlatmas\u0131 ile buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak sonras\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 H\u00fcsamettin \u00d6zkan\u2019\u0131n bu sefer anayasa kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Sezer\u2019e f\u0131rlatmas\u0131 sonucunda aylar \u00f6ncesinden sinyalleri verilen krizi tetiklemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Milli G\u00fcvenlik Kurulu toplant\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Sezer ve d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen gerginlik bir s\u00fcre sonra s\u00f6z d\u00fcellosuna d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Devlet Denetleme Kurulu, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Necdet Sezer taraf\u0131ndan verilen talimat ile Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Denetleme ve D\u00fczenleme Kurumu<\/a><\/strong>nu incelemekteydi. Ecevit, yap\u0131lan bu incelemenin rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015f ve bunun \u00fczerine ise Sezer anayasa taraf\u0131ndan do\u011fan hakk\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmi\u015fti. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ise Ecevit yasalar\u0131 bilmemek ile ele\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bu geli\u015fmelerin \u00fczerine tart\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7erisine dahil olan Ba\u015fbakan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 H\u00fcsamettin \u00d6zkan, \u2018\u2019O anayasa\u2019y\u0131 bir de biz g\u00f6relim\u2019\u2019 ifadelerini kullanm\u0131\u015f ve bu s\u00f6zlerin \u00fczerine de Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Sezer, anayasa kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6zkan ve Ecevit\u2019in masas\u0131na f\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6zkan ise ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve anayasa kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Sezer\u2019e f\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siyasi Kriz Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olan bu siyasi gerginlik sonras\u0131nda piyasalar yani \u00fclke ekonomisi alt\u00fcst olmu\u015ftur. Borsa, tarihi bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ile %15 de\u011fer kaybetmi\u015f ve 25 \u015eubat 2021 tarihinde ise gecelik faiz oran\u0131 %7500 oran\u0131na kadar y\u00fckselmi\u015fti. Piyasa kontrol edilemez bir hal al\u0131rken kamu bankalar\u0131 ise buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131klar veriyordu. Bu olaylar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi sonras\u0131nda ise h\u00fck\u00fcmet piyasalar\u0131 kontrol edebilmek ad\u0131na dalgal\u0131 kur rejimi uygulamaya ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu karar sonucunda Amerika dolar\u0131 695.000 liradan 900.000 liraya y\u00fckselmi\u015fti. Vatanda\u015f\u0131 etkileyen bu kriz e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 da etkilemi\u015f ve bunun sonucunda da \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinden sermaye \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"kara<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u015eirketlerin Batmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fct\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde finanse edilememesi sonucunda reel sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7erisinde \u015firketlerin batmas\u0131 ve milyonlarca ki\u015finin i\u015fsiz kalmas\u0131 gibi sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131n tavan noktaya ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekonomide esnaflar kepenk kapatm\u0131\u015f ve protestolar yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu protestolar i\u00e7erisinde ise tarihe kaz\u0131nan olay bir esnaf taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6nemin Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 B\u00fclent Ecevit\u2019e yazarkasa f\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu olay ayr\u0131ca krizin simgesi olarak da bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eirketlerin Batmas\u0131 Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ocak ve Eyl\u00fcl aylar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde 14540 \u015firketin batmas\u0131 ile birlikte i\u015fsizli\u011fin tavan yapmas\u0131 hane halk\u0131n\u0131n darbo\u011faza sokulmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. T\u00fcm \u00fclke genelinde azalmakta olan t\u00fcketim harcamalar\u0131 \u015firketlerin \u00fcretimi azaltmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra personel say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da azalmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftu. Bu durum ise mevcut i\u015fsizli\u011fin daha fazla artmas\u0131n\u0131 tetiklemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kara \u00c7ar\u015famba olarak bilinen 2001 ekonomik krizi T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomik krizi olarak tarihe ad\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2818,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[850],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2001-ekonomik-krizi.jpeg?fit=938%2C527&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2814"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2814"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2819,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2814\/revisions\/2819"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2818"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2814"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2814"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}