{"id":1536,"date":"2021-03-01T18:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-01T16:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/?p=1536"},"modified":"2021-08-13T22:08:05","modified_gmt":"2021-08-13T20:08:05","slug":"zorunlu-karsilik-orani-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/zorunlu-karsilik-orani-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Zorunlu Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Oran\u0131 Nedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

2020 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 di\u011fer para birimleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tarihi de\u011fer kayb\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck de\u011fer seviyelerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. D\u00f6viz kurlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 nedeni ile enflasyon oran\u0131nda da h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015f e\u011filimleri olu\u015fmu\u015f ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n politika de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi uygulamas\u0131na gerek olmu\u015ftu. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131, faiz art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu s\u00fcreci 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda da devam ettirece\u011fini ve s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131 ile destekleyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde belirtmi\u015fti. Merkez bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmakta olan tek para politikas\u0131 arac\u0131 faiz de\u011fildir ve faiz kadar \u00f6nemli bir\u00e7ok para politikas\u0131 daha mevcuttur. Bunlardan birisi ise zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131d\u0131r. Peki, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta 200 baz puan art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flanan ve merkez bankas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir para politikas\u0131 arac\u0131 olan zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"zorunlu<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zorunlu Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere bankalar, m\u00fc\u015fteriler taraf\u0131ndan yat\u0131r\u0131lan mevduatlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 gelir elde etmek amac\u0131 ile kullanarak kredi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Fakat belirlenen yasalar gere\u011fince bu miktar s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve kesinlikle bankalar mevcut m\u00fc\u015fteri tasarruflar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 kredi olarak da\u011f\u0131tamaz. \u0130\u015fte, bu s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rma ise zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Belirlenecek olan bu tutar merkez bankas\u0131nda tutulmal\u0131d\u0131r ve oran da merkez bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmektedir. Yani, bankalar bu miktar\u0131 kendi kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re belirleyemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rnek vermek gerekirse, bir bankan\u0131n 10.000 TL mevduat<\/a><\/strong> toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim ve merkez bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 da %10 olsun. Bu \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda banka mevcut mevduat miktar\u0131n\u0131n 1.000 TL\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 merkez bankas\u0131na yat\u0131rmal\u0131 ve geriye kalan 9.000 TL\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131 ile kredi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"zorunlu<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Merkez Bankas\u0131 Neden Zorunlu Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Oran\u0131n\u0131 Kullanmaktad\u0131r?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Merkez bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan her de\u011fi\u015fiklik mevcut para arz\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve azalmas\u0131na sebep olacakt\u0131r. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da kredi-talep daralmas\u0131 veya geni\u015flemesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bankalar taraf\u0131ndan da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan kredi miktar\u0131 azalmakta ve zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman ise da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan kredi miktar\u0131 artmaktad\u0131r. Bunun sebebi ise bu oran\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, merkez bankas\u0131nda daha fazla para tutulmas\u0131n\u0131n gerekmesinden dolay\u0131 kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman harcama talebinde azalma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken yine bu oran d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc zaman ise harcama talebi artacakt\u0131r. Bu da ters ili\u015fkili olarak bu oranda olu\u015fan art\u0131\u015flar ile ekonomide daralma, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ile de ekonomide b\u00fcy\u00fcme etkisi yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran sadece para politikas\u0131<\/a><\/strong> arac\u0131 de\u011fil, bankalar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterilerine kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerine getirmesini de sa\u011flayan bir etkendir. Zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 ile bankalar\u0131n m\u00fc\u015fterilerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6deme s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 engeller ve m\u00fc\u015fterilerin diledi\u011fi zaman hesab\u0131nda bulunan t\u00fcm paras\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekebilmesine olanak sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"tcmb<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T.C.M.B. Neden Zorunlu Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Oran\u0131n\u0131 Artt\u0131rd\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131<\/a>,<\/strong> 2021 Para ve Kur Politikas\u0131 sunumunda zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k d\u00fczenlemelerinin s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fini destekledi\u011fini net bir \u015fekilde ifade etmi\u015fti. Bu ifade sonras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131<\/a><\/strong> 24 \u015eubat 2021 tarihinde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu duyuru ile T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm vade dilimlerinde y\u00fckselterek 200 baz puan art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Yap\u0131lan bu son de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile birlikte ise zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olmu\u015ftur;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Merkez bankas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi ise para arz\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak harcama talebini de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmektir. Bu do\u011frultuda azalan talep ile enflasyonun d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fi hedeflenmektedir. Talep d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, enflasyonu da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bir giri\u015fimdir ve zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ile bu ama\u00e7 hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zorunlu Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Olarak Kullan\u0131lan \u00d6\u011feler<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
  • Mevduat ve Kat\u0131l\u0131m Fonu<\/li>
  • Kullan\u0131lan Krediler (Hazine garantisi ile sa\u011flanan krediler hari\u00e7.)<\/li>
  • Sermaye hesaplamas\u0131na dahil edilmeyen bor\u00e7lanma ara\u00e7lar\u0131<\/li>
  • Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 merkeze y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler<\/li>
  • M\u00fcstakrizlerin Fonlar\u0131<\/li>
  • Repo i\u015flemlerinden sa\u011flanan fonlar<\/li>
  • \u0130hra\u00e7 edilen menkul k\u0131ymetler<\/li>
  • Kredi kart\u0131 \u00f6demelerinden bor\u00e7lar<\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Merkez bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan uygulanmakta olan tek para politikas\u0131 arac\u0131 faiz de\u011fildir ve \u00f6nemli bir\u00e7ok para politikas\u0131 mevcuttur. Bunlardan birisi de zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oranlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1539,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[432,43,54],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/zorunlu-kars\u0327ilik.jpg?fit=850%2C478&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1536"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1536"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1536\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2299,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1536\/revisions\/2299"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1536"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1536"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ekonomi101.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1536"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}